无机纤维喷涂的发展

Development of inorganic fiber spraying

国外矿物纤维类防火材料应用已经有100多年的历史了。二十世纪六十年代出现了喷射无机纤维防火材料。最早的喷射无机纤维防火材料主要采用石棉纤维作原料。后来由于发现石棉纤维对人体有危害作用，很多地方已经明确规定限制使用石棉，人们便找到了人造无机纤维作为石棉的替代品。人造无机纤维有硅酸铝棉、矿棉、岩棉和玻璃棉等，它们都是矿石在高温下熔化后，经喷丝成型而成的纤维。1972年，ASTM(美国材料与试验协会)制定了有关矿物纤维喷射技术及施工规范标准。在2000年修订的ASTM标准中，把这种材料称为SFRM(SprayedFire—ResistiveMaterial)，翻译为喷射防火材料，定义为喷射到基材上以提供对基材进行防火保护的材料。它包括喷射纤维类材料和喷射水泥类材料。美国保险商实验室(UL)与加拿大保险商实验室 (ULC)出版的产品服务手册中，刊载有大量不同形式的建筑结构，施用喷射无机纤维材料达到不同耐火极限的设计号，供设计、使用者选用。

The application of foreign mineral fiber fireproof materials has been more than 100 years old. In 1960s, there was a fireproof material for spraying inorganic fibers. The earliest inorganic fiber fireproof material is mainly used asbestos fiber as raw material. Later, asbestos fibers were found to be harmful to the human body. Many places have clearly stipulated that the use of asbestos should be restricted. People would find artificial inorganic fibers as an alternative to asbestos. Artificial inorganic fibers with aluminum silicate cotton, mineral wool, rock wool and glass wool, they are melting the ore at high temperature, the spinneret molded fiber. In 1972, ASTM (American Association for materials and testing) developed a standard for spraying and construction of mineral fibers. In the ASTM standard revised in 2000, the material is called SFRM (SprayedFire - ResistiveMaterial), and is translated into spray fireproofing material. It is defined as material that sprayed onto the substrate to provide fireproof protection for the substrate. It includes spray fiber materials and spray cement materials. In the product service manual published by the American insurance Laboratory (UL) and the Canadian insurer Laboratory (ULC), there are a large number of different forms of building structure, and the design number of different inorganic fiber materials to achieve different fire limits is designed for users.